diff --git a/papers/format.md b/papers/format.md
index ab8cacd64..e4b01d2f9 100644
--- a/papers/format.md
+++ b/papers/format.md
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ these fields are 0 in format versions prior to 100 (0.6pre1).
 
 the format versions are:
 
+- 135: Furnace dev135
+- 134: Furnace dev134
 - 133: Furnace 0.6pre3
 - 132: Furnace 0.6pre2
 - 131: Furnace dev131
@@ -386,8 +388,38 @@ size | description
  STR | song author (Japanese)
  STR | system name (Japanese)
  STR | album/category/game name (Japanese)
+ --- | **extra chip output settings (× chipCount)** (>=135)
+  4f | chip volume
+  4f | chip panning
+  4f | chip front/rear balance
+ --- | **patchbay** (>=135)
+  4  | patchbay connection count
+ 4?? | patchbay
+     | - see next section for more details.
 ```
 
+# patchbay
+
+Furnace dev135 adds a "patchbay" which allows for arbitrary connection of chip outputs to system outputs.
+it eventually will allow connecting outputs to effects and so on.
+
+a connection is represented as an unsigned int in the following format:
+
+- bit 16-31: source port
+- bit 0-15: destination port
+
+a port is in the following format (hexadecimal): `xxxy`
+
+- `xxx` (bit 4 to 15) represents an entity.
+- `y` (bit 0 to 3) is the port of that entity.
+
+reserved input entities:
+- `000`: system outputs
+- `FFF`: "null" entity
+
+reserved output entities:
+- `000` through `01F`: chip outputs
+
 # subsong
 
 from version 95 onwards, Furnace supports storing multiple songs on a single file.
diff --git a/src/engine/engine.cpp b/src/engine/engine.cpp
index fb447e32f..de04a1894 100644
--- a/src/engine/engine.cpp
+++ b/src/engine/engine.cpp
@@ -1341,8 +1341,8 @@ String DivEngine::decodeSysDesc(String desc) {
   int val=0;
   int curStage=0;
   int sysID=0;
-  int sysVol=0;
-  int sysPan=0;
+  float sysVol=0;
+  float sysPan=0;
   int sysFlags=0;
   int curSys=0;
   desc+=' '; // ha
@@ -1357,24 +1357,25 @@ String DivEngine::decodeSysDesc(String desc) {
               curStage++;
               break;
             case 1:
-              sysVol=val;
+              sysVol=(float)val/64.0f;
               curStage++;
               break;
             case 2:
-              sysPan=val;
+              sysPan=(float)val/127.0f;
               curStage++;
               break;
             case 3:
               sysFlags=val;
 
               if (sysID!=0) {
-                if (sysVol<-128) sysVol=-128;
-                if (sysVol>127) sysVol=127;
-                if (sysPan<-128) sysPan=-128;
-                if (sysPan>127) sysPan=127;
+                if (sysVol<-1.0f) sysVol=-1.0f;
+                if (sysVol>1.0f) sysVol=1.0f;
+                if (sysPan<-1.0f) sysPan=-1.0f;
+                if (sysPan>1.0f) sysPan=1.0f;
                 newDesc.set(fmt::sprintf("id%d",curSys),sysID);
                 newDesc.set(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",curSys),sysVol);
                 newDesc.set(fmt::sprintf("pan%d",curSys),sysPan);
+                newDesc.set(fmt::sprintf("fr%d",curSys),0.0f);
                 DivConfig newFlagsC;
                 newFlagsC.clear();
                 convertOldFlags((unsigned int)sysFlags,newFlagsC,systemFromFileFur(sysID));
@@ -1404,7 +1405,7 @@ String DivEngine::decodeSysDesc(String desc) {
   return newDesc.toBase64();
 }
 
-void DivEngine::initSongWithDesc(const char* description, bool inBase64) {
+void DivEngine::initSongWithDesc(const char* description, bool inBase64, bool oldVol) {
   int chanCount=0;
   DivConfig c;
   if (inBase64) {
@@ -1423,9 +1424,16 @@ void DivEngine::initSongWithDesc(const char* description, bool inBase64) {
       song.system[index]=DIV_SYSTEM_NULL;
       break;
     }
-    song.systemVol[index]=c.getInt(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",index),DIV_SYSTEM_NULL);
-    song.systemPan[index]=c.getInt(fmt::sprintf("pan%d",index),DIV_SYSTEM_NULL);
+    song.systemVol[index]=c.getFloat(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",index),1.0f);
+    song.systemPan[index]=c.getFloat(fmt::sprintf("pan%d",index),0.0f);
+    song.systemPanFR[index]=c.getFloat(fmt::sprintf("fr%d",index),0.0f);
     song.systemFlags[index].clear();
+
+    if (oldVol) {
+      song.systemVol[index]/=64.0f;
+      song.systemPan[index]/=127.0f;
+    }
+
     String flags=c.getString(fmt::sprintf("flags%d",index),"");
     song.systemFlags[index].loadFromBase64(flags.c_str());
   }
@@ -1675,8 +1683,9 @@ bool DivEngine::addSystem(DivSystem which) {
   BUSY_BEGIN;
   saveLock.lock();
   song.system[song.systemLen]=which;
-  song.systemVol[song.systemLen]=64;
+  song.systemVol[song.systemLen]=1.0;
   song.systemPan[song.systemLen]=0;
+  song.systemPanFR[song.systemLen]=0;
   song.systemFlags[song.systemLen++].clear();
   recalcChans();
   saveLock.unlock();
@@ -1721,6 +1730,7 @@ bool DivEngine::removeSystem(int index, bool preserveOrder) {
     song.system[i]=song.system[i+1];
     song.systemVol[i]=song.systemVol[i+1];
     song.systemPan[i]=song.systemPan[i+1];
+    song.systemPanFR[i]=song.systemPanFR[i+1];
     song.systemFlags[i]=song.systemFlags[i+1];
   }
   recalcChans();
@@ -1835,17 +1845,21 @@ bool DivEngine::swapSystem(int src, int dest, bool preserveOrder) {
   }
 
   DivSystem srcSystem=song.system[src];
+  float srcVol=song.systemVol[src];
+  float srcPan=song.systemPan[src];
+  float srcPanFR=song.systemPanFR[src];
 
   song.system[src]=song.system[dest];
   song.system[dest]=srcSystem;
 
-  song.systemVol[src]^=song.systemVol[dest];
-  song.systemVol[dest]^=song.systemVol[src];
-  song.systemVol[src]^=song.systemVol[dest];
+  song.systemVol[src]=song.systemVol[dest];
+  song.systemVol[dest]=srcVol;
 
-  song.systemPan[src]^=song.systemPan[dest];
-  song.systemPan[dest]^=song.systemPan[src];
-  song.systemPan[src]^=song.systemPan[dest];
+  song.systemPan[src]=song.systemPan[dest];
+  song.systemPan[dest]=srcPan;
+
+  song.systemPanFR[src]=song.systemPanFR[dest];
+  song.systemPanFR[dest]=srcPanFR;
 
   // I am kinda scared to use std::swap
   DivConfig oldFlags=song.systemFlags[src];
@@ -4265,13 +4279,15 @@ bool DivEngine::init() {
   if (!hasLoadedSomething) {
     logD("setting default preset");
     String preset=getConfString("initialSys2","");
+    bool oldVol=getConfInt("configVersion",DIV_ENGINE_VERSION)<135;
     if (preset.empty()) {
       // try loading old preset
       preset=decodeSysDesc(getConfString("initialSys",""));
+      oldVol=false;
     }
     logD("preset size %ld",preset.size());
     if (preset.size()>0 && (preset.size()&3)==0) {
-      initSongWithDesc(preset.c_str());
+      initSongWithDesc(preset.c_str(),true,oldVol);
     }
     String sysName=getConfString("initialSysName","");
     if (sysName=="") {
diff --git a/src/engine/engine.h b/src/engine/engine.h
index 8bced933d..a06684d97 100644
--- a/src/engine/engine.h
+++ b/src/engine/engine.h
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@
 #define BUSY_BEGIN_SOFT softLocked=true; isBusy.lock();
 #define BUSY_END isBusy.unlock(); softLocked=false;
 
-#define DIV_VERSION "dev134"
-#define DIV_ENGINE_VERSION 134
+#define DIV_VERSION "dev135"
+#define DIV_ENGINE_VERSION 135
 // for imports
 #define DIV_VERSION_MOD 0xff01
 #define DIV_VERSION_FC 0xff02
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ class DivEngine {
   bool deinitAudioBackend(bool dueToSwitchMaster=false);
 
   void registerSystems();
-  void initSongWithDesc(const char* description, bool inBase64=true);
+  void initSongWithDesc(const char* description, bool inBase64=true, bool oldVol=false);
 
   void exchangeIns(int one, int two);
   void swapChannels(int src, int dest);
diff --git a/src/engine/fileOps.cpp b/src/engine/fileOps.cpp
index 99e4e2236..a2591f014 100644
--- a/src/engine/fileOps.cpp
+++ b/src/engine/fileOps.cpp
@@ -939,13 +939,13 @@ bool DivEngine::loadDMF(unsigned char* file, size_t len) {
       ds.systemLen=2;
       ds.system[0]=DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612;
       ds.system[1]=DIV_SYSTEM_SMS;
-      ds.systemVol[1]=32;
+      ds.systemVol[1]=0.5f;
     }
     if (ds.system[0]==DIV_SYSTEM_GENESIS_EXT) {
       ds.systemLen=2;
       ds.system[0]=DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT;
       ds.system[1]=DIV_SYSTEM_SMS;
-      ds.systemVol[1]=32;
+      ds.systemVol[1]=0.5f;
     }
     if (ds.system[0]==DIV_SYSTEM_ARCADE) {
       ds.systemLen=2;
@@ -1830,14 +1830,18 @@ bool DivEngine::loadFur(unsigned char* file, size_t len) {
 
     // system volume
     for (int i=0; i<DIV_MAX_CHIPS; i++) {
-      ds.systemVol[i]=reader.readC();
+      signed char oldSysVol=reader.readC();
+      ds.systemVol[i]=(float)oldSysVol/64.0f;
       if (ds.version<59 && ds.system[i]==DIV_SYSTEM_NES) {
         ds.systemVol[i]/=4;
       }
     }
 
     // system panning
-    for (int i=0; i<DIV_MAX_CHIPS; i++) ds.systemPan[i]=reader.readC();
+    for (int i=0; i<DIV_MAX_CHIPS; i++) {
+      signed char oldSysPan=reader.readC();
+      ds.systemPan[i]=(float)oldSysPan/127.0f;
+    }
 
     // system props
     for (int i=0; i<DIV_MAX_CHIPS; i++) {
@@ -1860,14 +1864,14 @@ bool DivEngine::loadFur(unsigned char* file, size_t len) {
           ds.system[i]=DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612;
           if (i<31) {
             ds.system[i+1]=DIV_SYSTEM_SMS;
-            ds.systemVol[i+1]=(((ds.systemVol[i]&127)*3)>>3)|(ds.systemVol[i]&128);
+            ds.systemVol[i+1]=ds.systemVol[i]*0.375f;
           }
         }
         if (ds.system[i]==DIV_SYSTEM_GENESIS_EXT) {
           ds.system[i]=DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT;
           if (i<31) {
             ds.system[i+1]=DIV_SYSTEM_SMS;
-            ds.systemVol[i+1]=(((ds.systemVol[i]&127)*3)>>3)|(ds.systemVol[i]&128);
+            ds.systemVol[i+1]=ds.systemVol[i]*0.375f;
           }
         }
         if (ds.system[i]==DIV_SYSTEM_ARCADE) {
@@ -2200,6 +2204,21 @@ bool DivEngine::loadFur(unsigned char* file, size_t len) {
       ds.autoSystem=true;
     }
 
+    // system output config
+    if (ds.version>=135) {
+      for (int i=0; i<ds.systemLen; i++) {
+        ds.systemVol[i]=reader.readF();
+        ds.systemPan[i]=reader.readF();
+        ds.systemPanFR[i]=reader.readF();
+      }
+
+      // patchbay
+      unsigned int conns=reader.readI();
+      for (unsigned int i=0; i<conns; i++) {
+        ds.patchbay.push_back((unsigned int)reader.readI());
+      }
+    }
+
     // read system flags
     if (ds.version>=119) {
       logD("reading chip flags...");
@@ -4308,11 +4327,11 @@ SafeWriter* DivEngine::saveFur(bool notPrimary) {
   }
 
   for (int i=0; i<DIV_MAX_CHIPS; i++) {
-    w->writeC(song.systemVol[i]);
+    w->writeC(song.systemVol[i]*64.0f);
   }
 
   for (int i=0; i<DIV_MAX_CHIPS; i++) {
-    w->writeC(song.systemPan[i]);
+    w->writeC(song.systemPan[i]*127.0f);
   }
 
   // chip flags (we'll seek here later)
@@ -4456,6 +4475,17 @@ SafeWriter* DivEngine::saveFur(bool notPrimary) {
   w->writeString(song.systemNameJ,false);
   w->writeString(song.categoryJ,false);
 
+  // system output config
+  for (int i=0; i<song.systemLen; i++) {
+    w->writeF(song.systemVol[i]);
+    w->writeF(song.systemPan[i]);
+    w->writeF(song.systemPanFR[i]);
+  }
+  w->writeI(song.patchbay.size());
+  for (unsigned int i: song.patchbay) {
+    w->writeI(i);
+  }
+
   blockEndSeek=w->tell();
   w->seek(blockStartSeek,SEEK_SET);
   w->writeI(blockEndSeek-blockStartSeek-4);
diff --git a/src/engine/playback.cpp b/src/engine/playback.cpp
index 73ec8df53..ad9a34709 100644
--- a/src/engine/playback.cpp
+++ b/src/engine/playback.cpp
@@ -1720,10 +1720,10 @@ void DivEngine::nextBuf(float** in, float** out, int inChans, int outChans, unsi
     disCont[i].fillBuf(disCont[i].runtotal,disCont[i].lastAvail,size-disCont[i].lastAvail);
   }
 
-  // TODO: handle more than 2 outputs
+  // TODO: patchbay
   for (int i=0; i<song.systemLen; i++) {
-    float volL=((float)song.systemVol[i]/64.0f)*((float)MIN(127,127-(int)song.systemPan[i])/127.0f)*song.masterVol;
-    float volR=((float)song.systemVol[i]/64.0f)*((float)MIN(127,127+(int)song.systemPan[i])/127.0f)*song.masterVol;
+    float volL=song.systemVol[i]*MIN(1.0f,1.0f-song.systemPan[i])*song.masterVol;
+    float volR=song.systemVol[i]*MIN(1.0f,1.0f+song.systemPan[i])*song.masterVol;
     volL*=disCont[i].dispatch->getPostAmp();
     volR*=disCont[i].dispatch->getPostAmp();
     if (disCont[i].dispatch->getOutputCount()>1) {
diff --git a/src/engine/song.h b/src/engine/song.h
index d7c287368..3fbe5e27f 100644
--- a/src/engine/song.h
+++ b/src/engine/song.h
@@ -238,8 +238,9 @@ struct DivSong {
   // system
   DivSystem system[DIV_MAX_CHIPS];
   unsigned char systemLen;
-  signed char systemVol[DIV_MAX_CHIPS];
-  signed char systemPan[DIV_MAX_CHIPS];
+  float systemVol[DIV_MAX_CHIPS];
+  float systemPan[DIV_MAX_CHIPS];
+  float systemPanFR[DIV_MAX_CHIPS];
   DivConfig systemFlags[DIV_MAX_CHIPS];
 
   // song information
@@ -334,6 +335,7 @@ struct DivSong {
   std::vector<DivSample*> sample;
 
   std::vector<DivSubSong*> subsong;
+  std::vector<unsigned int> patchbay;
 
   DivInstrument nullIns, nullInsOPLL, nullInsOPL, nullInsOPLDrums, nullInsQSound;
   DivWavetable nullWave;
@@ -438,8 +440,9 @@ struct DivSong {
     oldArpStrategy(false) {
     for (int i=0; i<DIV_MAX_CHIPS; i++) {
       system[i]=DIV_SYSTEM_NULL;
-      systemVol[i]=64;
-      systemPan[i]=0;
+      systemVol[i]=1.0;
+      systemPan[i]=0.0;
+      systemPanFR[i]=0.0;
     }
     subsong.push_back(new DivSubSong);
     system[0]=DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612;
diff --git a/src/gui/gui.h b/src/gui/gui.h
index 6ed7f2d38..c4a78da7c 100644
--- a/src/gui/gui.h
+++ b/src/gui/gui.h
@@ -935,9 +935,9 @@ struct Gradient2D {
 
 struct FurnaceGUISysDefChip {
   DivSystem sys;
-  int vol, pan;
+  float vol, pan;
   const char* flags;
-  FurnaceGUISysDefChip(DivSystem s, int v, int p, const char* f):
+  FurnaceGUISysDefChip(DivSystem s, float v, float p, const char* f):
     sys(s),
     vol(v),
     pan(p),
diff --git a/src/gui/mixer.cpp b/src/gui/mixer.cpp
index 019336ae4..9da9c6441 100644
--- a/src/gui/mixer.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/mixer.cpp
@@ -37,22 +37,35 @@ void FurnaceGUI::drawMixer() {
     } rightClickable
     for (int i=0; i<e->song.systemLen; i++) {
       snprintf(id,31,"MixS%d",i);
-      bool doInvert=e->song.systemVol[i]&128;
-      signed char vol=e->song.systemVol[i]&127;
+      bool doInvert=e->song.systemVol[i]<0;
+      float vol=fabs(e->song.systemVol[i]);
       ImGui::PushID(id);
       ImGui::Text("%d. %s",i+1,getSystemName(e->song.system[i]));
       ImGui::SameLine(ImGui::GetWindowWidth()-(82.0f*dpiScale));
       if (ImGui::Checkbox("Invert",&doInvert)) {
-        e->song.systemVol[i]^=128;
+        e->song.systemVol[i]=-e->song.systemVol[i];
         MARK_MODIFIED;
       }
-      ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x-(50.0f*dpiScale));
-      if (CWSliderScalar("Volume",ImGuiDataType_S8,&vol,&_ZERO,&_ONE_HUNDRED_TWENTY_SEVEN)) {
-        e->song.systemVol[i]=(e->song.systemVol[i]&128)|vol;
+      ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x);
+      if (CWSliderFloat("Volume",&vol,0,2)) {
+        if (doInvert) {
+          if (vol<0.0001) vol=0.0001;
+        }
+        if (vol<0) vol=0;
+        if (vol>10) vol=10;
+        e->song.systemVol[i]=(doInvert)?-vol:vol;
         MARK_MODIFIED;
       } rightClickable
-      ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x-(50.0f*dpiScale));
-      if (CWSliderScalar("Panning",ImGuiDataType_S8,&e->song.systemPan[i],&_MINUS_ONE_HUNDRED_TWENTY_SEVEN,&_ONE_HUNDRED_TWENTY_SEVEN)) {
+      ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x);
+      if (CWSliderFloat("Panning",&e->song.systemPan[i],-1.0f,1.0f)) {
+        if (e->song.systemPan[i]<-1.0f) e->song.systemPan[i]=-1.0f;
+        if (e->song.systemPan[i]>1.0f) e->song.systemPan[i]=1.0f;
+        MARK_MODIFIED;
+      } rightClickable
+      ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x);
+      if (CWSliderFloat("Front/Rear",&e->song.systemPanFR[i],-1.0f,1.0f)) {
+        if (e->song.systemPanFR[i]<-1.0f) e->song.systemPanFR[i]=-1.0f;
+        if (e->song.systemPanFR[i]>1.0f) e->song.systemPanFR[i]=1.0f;
         MARK_MODIFIED;
       } rightClickable
 
diff --git a/src/gui/presets.cpp b/src/gui/presets.cpp
index f0e4fe928..921fa88ac 100644
--- a/src/gui/presets.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/presets.cpp
@@ -45,39 +45,39 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   CATEGORY_BEGIN("Game consoles","let's play some chiptune making games!");
   ENTRY(
     "Sega Genesis", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 32, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 0.5f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega Genesis (extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 32, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 0.5f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega Genesis (CSM)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_CSM, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 32, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_CSM, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 0.5f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega Genesis (DualPCM)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_DUALPCM, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 32, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_DUALPCM, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 0.5f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega Genesis (DualPCM, extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_DUALPCM_EXT, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 32, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_DUALPCM_EXT, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 0.5f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega Genesis (with Sega CD)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 32, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 0.5f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=2\n"
         "chipType=1\n"
       )
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega Genesis (extended channel 3 with Sega CD)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 32, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 0.5f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=2\n"
         "chipType=1\n"
       )
@@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega Genesis (CSM with Sega CD)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_CSM, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 32, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_CSM, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 0.5f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=2\n"
         "chipType=1\n"
       )
@@ -105,39 +105,39 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega Master System", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega Master System (with FM expansion)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega Master System (with FM expansion in drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL_DRUMS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega Game Gear", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, "chipType=3")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=3")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Game Boy", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_GB, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_GB, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Neo Geo Pocket", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_T6W28, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, -127, 
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_T6W28, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, -1.0f, 
         "rate=11025\n"
         "outDepth=5\n"
       ),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 127, 
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 1.0f, 
         "rate=11025\n"
         "outDepth=5\n"
       ) // don't know what the actual sample rate is
@@ -145,106 +145,106 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCE, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCE, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NES", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Famicom with Konami VRC6", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_VRC6, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_VRC6, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Famicom with Konami VRC7", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_VRC7, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_VRC7, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Famicom with MMC5", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MMC5, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MMC5, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Famicom with Sunsoft 5B", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "chipType=2")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=2")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Famicom with Namco 163", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_N163, 64, 0, "channels=7")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_N163, 1.0f, 0, "channels=7")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Famicom Disk System", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_FDS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_FDS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "SNES", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SNES, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SNES, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Mattel Intellivision", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "chipType=3")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=3")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Vectrex", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=4")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Neo Geo AES", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610_FULL, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610_FULL, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Neo Geo AES (extended channel 2)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610_FULL_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610_FULL_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Atari 2600/7800", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_TIA, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_TIA, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Atari 7800 + Ballblazer/Commando", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_TIA, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_TIA, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Atari Lynx", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_LYNX, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_LYNX, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "WonderSwan", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SWAN, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SWAN, 1.0f, 0, "")
     },
     "tickRate=75.47169811320754716981"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Virtual Boy", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_VBOY, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_VBOY, 1.0f, 0, "")
     },
     "tickRate=50.2734877734878"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Gamate", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=9\n"
         "chipType=0\n"
         "stereo=true\n"
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Pokémon Mini", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEMINI, 32, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEMINI, 0.5f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   CATEGORY_END;
@@ -261,132 +261,132 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   CATEGORY_BEGIN("Computers","let's get to work on chiptune today.");
   ENTRY(
     "Commodore PET", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PET, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PET, 1.0f, 0, "")
     },
     "tickRate=50"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Commodore VIC-20", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_VIC20, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_VIC20, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Commodore 64 (6581 SID)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_6581, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_6581, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     },
     "tickRate=50.1245421"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Commodore 64 (8580 SID)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_8580, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_8580, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     },
     "tickRate=50.1245421"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Commodore 64 (6581 SID + Sound Expander)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_6581, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_6581, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 1.0f, 0, "")
     },
     "tickRate=50.1245421"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Commodore 64 (6581 SID + Sound Expander in drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_6581, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_6581, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     },
     "tickRate=50.1245421"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Commodore 64 (8580 SID + Sound Expander)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_8580, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_8580, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 1.0f, 0, "")
     },
     "tickRate=50.1245421"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Commodore 64 (8580 SID + Sound Expander in drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_8580, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_8580, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     },
     "tickRate=50.1245421"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Commodore 64 (6581 SID + FM-YAM)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_6581, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_6581, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, "")
     },
     "tickRate=50.1245421"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Commodore 64 (6581 SID + FM-YAM in drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_6581, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_6581, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     },
     "tickRate=50.1245421"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Commodore 64 (8580 SID + FM-YAM)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_8580, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_8580, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, "")
     },
     "tickRate=50.1245421"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Commodore 64 (8580 SID + FM-YAM in drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_8580, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_8580, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     },
     "tickRate=50.1245421"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Amiga", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AMIGA, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AMIGA, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     },
     "tickRate=50"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "MSX", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=0\nchipType=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=0\nchipType=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "MSX + SFG-01", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "chipType=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "MSX + MSX-AUDIO", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "chipType=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "MSX + MSX-AUDIO (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "chipType=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "MSX + MSX-MUSIC", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "chipType=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "MSX + MSX-MUSIC (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "chipType=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL_DRUMS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "MSX + Darky", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "chipType=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8930, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8930, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=11\n"
         "halfClock=true\n"
       ), // 3.58MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8930, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8930, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=11\n"
         "halfClock=true\n"
       ) // 3.58MHz or 3.6MHz selectable via register
@@ -395,52 +395,52 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
     ENTRY(
     "MSX + Playsoniq", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "chipType=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, ""), // Sega VDP
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_8580, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SCC_PLUS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, ""), // Sega VDP
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_8580, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SCC_PLUS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "MSX + SCC", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "chipType=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SCC, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SCC, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "MSX + SCC+", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "chipType=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SCC_PLUS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SCC_PLUS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "MSX + Neotron", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "chipType=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610_FULL, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610_FULL, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "MSX + Neotron (extended channel 2)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "chipType=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610_FULL_EXT, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610_FULL_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "MSX + Neotron (with YM2610B)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "chipType=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610B, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610B, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "MSX + Neotron (with YM2610B; extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "chipType=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610B_EXT, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610B_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "MSX + SIMPL", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "chipType=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0,
         "rate=55930\n"
         "outDepth=7\n"
       ) // variable rate, Mono DAC
@@ -448,435 +448,435 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-88 (with PC-8801-10)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=15"), // external
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=15") // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=15"), // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=15") // ""
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-88 (with PC-8801-11)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=4") // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4") // external
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-88 (with PC-8801-11; extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4") // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4") // external
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-88 (with PC-8801-23)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 64, 0, "clockSel=1") // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1") // external
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-88 (with PC-8801-23; extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=1") // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1") // external
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-88 (with HMB-20 HIBIKI-8800)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, "clockSel=2") // external; 4.0000MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2") // external; 4.0000MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801mk2SR (with PC-8801-10)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=15"), // external
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=15") // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=15"), // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=15") // ""
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801mk2SR (with PC-8801-10; extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=15"), // external
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=15") // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=15"), // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=15") // ""
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801mk2SR (with PC-8801-11)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=4") // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4") // external
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801mk2SR (with PC-8801-11; extended channel 3 on internal OPN)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=4") // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4") // external
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801mk2SR (with PC-8801-11; extended channel 3 on external OPN)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4") // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4") // external
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801mk2SR (with PC-8801-11; extended channel 3 on both OPNs)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4") // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4") // external
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801mk2SR (with PC-8801-23)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 64, 0, "clockSel=1") // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1") // external
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801mk2SR (with PC-8801-23; extended channel 3 on internal OPN)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 64, 0, "clockSel=1") // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1") // external
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801mk2SR (with PC-8801-23; extended channel 3 on external OPN)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=1") // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1") // external
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801mk2SR (with PC-8801-23; extended channel 3 on both OPNs)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=1") // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1") // external
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801mk2SR (with HMB-20 HIBIKI-8800)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, "clockSel=2") // external; 4.0000MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2") // external; 4.0000MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801mk2SR (with HMB-20 HIBIKI-8800; extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, "clockSel=2") // external; 4.0000MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2") // external; 4.0000MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801FA (with PC-8801-10)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=15"), // external
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=15") // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=15"), // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=15") // ""
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801FA (with PC-8801-10; extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=15"), // external
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=15") // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=15"), // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=15") // ""
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801FA (with PC-8801-11)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=4") // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4") // external
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801FA (with PC-8801-11; extended channel 3 on internal OPN)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=4") // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4") // external
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801FA (with PC-8801-11; extended channel 3 on external OPN)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4") // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4") // external
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801FA (with PC-8801-11; extended channel 3 on both OPNs)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4") // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4") // external
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801FA (with PC-8801-23)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 64, 0, "clockSel=1") // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1") // external
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801FA (with PC-8801-23; extended channel 3 on internal OPN)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 64, 0, "clockSel=1") // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1") // external
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801FA (with PC-8801-23; extended channel 3 on external OPN)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=1") // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1") // external
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801FA (with PC-8801-23; extended channel 3 on both OPNs)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=1") // external
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1") // external
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801FA (with HMB-20 HIBIKI-8800)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, "clockSel=2") // external; 4.0000MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2") // external; 4.0000MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-8801FA (with HMB-20 HIBIKI-8800; extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"), // internal
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, "clockSel=2") // external; 4.0000MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"), // internal
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2") // external; 4.0000MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-98 (with PC-9801-26/K)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // 3.9936MHz but some compatible card has 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // 3.9936MHz but some compatible card has 4MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-98 (with PC-9801-26/K; extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // 3.9936MHz but some compatible card has 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // 3.9936MHz but some compatible card has 4MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-98 (with Sound Orchestra)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-98 (with Sound Orchestra; extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-98 (with Sound Orchestra in drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-98 (with Sound Orchestra in drums mode; extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-98 (with Sound Orchestra V)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-98 (with Sound Orchestra V; extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-98 (with Sound Orchestra V in drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-98 (with Sound Orchestra V in drums mode; extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-98 (with PC-9801-86)", { // -73 also has OPNA
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0, // 2x 16-bit Burr Brown DAC
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0, // 2x 16-bit Burr Brown DAC
         "rate=44100\n"
         "outDepth=15\n"
       ),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0,
         "rate=44100\n"
         "outDepth=15\n"
       ),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-98 (with PC-9801-86; extended channel 3)", { // -73 also has OPNA
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0,
         "rate=44100\n"
         "outDepth=15\n"
       ),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0,
         "rate=44100\n"
         "outDepth=15\n"
       ),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-98 (with PC-9801-73)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-98 (with PC-9801-73; extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-98 (with Sound Blaster 16 for PC-9800 w/PC-9801-26/K compatible)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0,
         "rate=44100\n"
         "outDepth=15\n"
         "stereo=true\n"
       ),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL3, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL3, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-98 (with Sound Blaster 16 for PC-9800 w/PC-9801-26/K compatible; extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0,
         "rate=44100\n"
         "outDepth=15\n"
         "stereo=true\n"
       ),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL3, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL3, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-98 (with Sound Blaster 16 for PC-9800 w/PC-9801-26/K compatible in drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0,
         "rate=44100\n"
         "outDepth=15\n"
         "stereo=true\n"
       ),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL3_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL3_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC-98 (with Sound Blaster 16 for PC-9800 w/PC-9801-26/K compatible in drums mode; extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0,
         "rate=44100\n"
         "outDepth=15\n"
         "stereo=true\n"
       ),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL3_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL3_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "ZX Spectrum (48K)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SFX_BEEPER, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SFX_BEEPER, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "ZX Spectrum (128K)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=1") //beeper was also included
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1") //beeper was also included
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "ZX Spectrum (128K) with TurboSound FM", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "ZX Spectrum (128K) with TurboSound FM (extended channel 3 on first OPN)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "ZX Spectrum (128K) with TurboSound FM (extended channel 3 on second OPN)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "ZX Spectrum (128K) with TurboSound FM (extended channel 3 on both OPNs)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "ZX Spectrum (128K) with TurboSound", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"), // or YM2149
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=1") // or YM2149
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"), // or YM2149
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1") // or YM2149
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Amstrad CPC", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=5")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Atari 800", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     },
     "tickRate=50"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Atari 800 (stereo)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 64, -127, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 64, 127, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 1.0f, -1.0f, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 1.0f, 1.0f, "clockSel=1"),
     },
     "tickRate=50"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Atari ST", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=3\n"
         "chipType=1\n"
       )
@@ -884,15 +884,15 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Atari STE", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=3\n"
         "chipType=1\n"
       ),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0,
         "rate=50668\n"
         "outDepth=7\n"
       ),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0,
         "rate=50668\n"
         "outDepth=7\n"
       )
@@ -900,12 +900,12 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "SAM Coupé", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SAA1099, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SAA1099, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "BBC Micro", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=2\n"
         "chipType=4\n" // SN76489A 4MHz
       )
@@ -913,57 +913,57 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "PC (barebones)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "IBM PCjr", {
       // it can be enable sound output at once
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, "chipType=5") // SN76496
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=5") // SN76496
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Tandy 1000", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, "chipType=5"), // NCR 8496 or SN76496 or Tandy PSSJ(with 8 bit DAC)
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=5"), // NCR 8496 or SN76496 or Tandy PSSJ(with 8 bit DAC)
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "PC + Covox Sound Master", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8930, 64, 0, "clockSel=3"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8930, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "PC + SSI 2001", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_6581, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_6581, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "PC + Game Blaster", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SAA1099, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SAA1099, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SAA1099, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SAA1099, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "PC + AdLib", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "PC + AdLib (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "PC + Sound Blaster", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0, 
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0, 
         "rate=22050\n"
         "outDepth=7\n"
       )
@@ -971,9 +971,9 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "PC + AdLib/Sound Blaster (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0, 
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0, 
         "rate=22050\n"
         "outDepth=7\n"
       )
@@ -981,132 +981,132 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "PC + Sound Blaster w/Game Blaster Compatible", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SAA1099, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SAA1099, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0, 
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SAA1099, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SAA1099, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0, 
         "rate=22050\n"
         "outDepth=7\n"
       ),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "PC + Sound Blaster w/Game Blaster Compatible (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SAA1099, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SAA1099, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0, 
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SAA1099, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SAA1099, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0, 
         "rate=22050\n"
         "outDepth=7\n"
       ),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "PC + Sound Blaster Pro", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, -127, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 127, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0, 
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, -1.0f, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 1.0f, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0, 
         "rate=22050\n"
         "outDepth=7\n"
         "stereo=true\n"
       ), //alternatively 44.1 khz mono
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "PC + Sound Blaster Pro (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, -127, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, 127, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0, 
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, -1.0f, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, 1.0f, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0, 
         "rate=22050\n"
         "outDepth=7\n"
         "stereo=true\n"
       ), //alternatively 44.1 khz mono
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "PC + Sound Blaster Pro 2", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL3, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0, 
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL3, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0, 
         "rate=44100\n"
         "outDepth=15\n"
         "stereo=true\n"
       ),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "PC + Sound Blaster Pro 2 (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL3_DRUMS, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0, 
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL3_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0, 
         "rate=44100\n"
         "outDepth=15\n"
         "stereo=true\n"
       ),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "PC + PC-FXGA", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCE, 64, 0, ""), // HuC6230 (WSG from HuC6280 but with built in 2 OKI ADPCM playback engines)
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCE, 1.0f, 0, ""), // HuC6230 (WSG from HuC6280 but with built in 2 OKI ADPCM playback engines)
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "PC + SAAYM", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, ""), // 3.58MHz or 4MHz selectable via jumper
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SAA1099, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"), // 7.16MHz or 8MHz selectable via jumper
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SAA1099, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"), // ""
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, ""), // 3.58MHz or 4MHz selectable via jumper
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SAA1099, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"), // 7.16MHz or 8MHz selectable via jumper
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SAA1099, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"), // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sharp X1", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=3")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sharp X1 + FM Addon", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=3"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, "clockSel=2")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sharp X68000", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6258, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6258, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "FM Towns", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // YM3438
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // YM3438
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "FM Towns (extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // YM3438
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // YM3438
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "FM Towns (CSM)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_CSM, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // YM3438
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_CSM, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // YM3438
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Commander X16", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_VERA, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 32, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_VERA, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 0.5f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "TI-99/4A", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=6\n"
         "chipType=8\n" // SN94624 447KHz
       )
@@ -1117,143 +1117,143 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   CATEGORY_BEGIN("Arcade systems","INSERT COIN");
   ENTRY(
     "Pong", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PONG, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PONG, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Bally Midway MCR", {
       // SSIO sound board
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 2MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=3") // 2MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 2MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3") // 2MHz
       // additional sound boards, mostly software controlled DAC
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Williams/Midway Y/T unit w/ADPCM sound board", {
       // ADPCM sound board
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0,
         "rate=15625\n"
         "outDepth=7\n"
       ), // variable via OPM timer?
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Konami Gyruss", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "")
       // additional discrete sound logics
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Konami Bubble System", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_BUBSYS_WSG, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_BUBSYS_WSG, 1.0f, 0, "")
       // VLM5030 exists but not used for music at all
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Konami MX5000", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, ""), // 3.58MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 64, 0, "")  // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, ""), // 3.58MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 1.0f, 0, "")  // ""
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Konami Battlantis", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, "clockSel=3")  // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3")  // ""
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Konami Battlantis (drums mode on first OPL2)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, "clockSel=3") // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3") // ""
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Konami Battlantis (drums mode on second OPL2)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=3") // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3") // ""
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Konami Battlantis (drums mode on both OPL2s)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=3") // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3") // ""
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Konami Fast Lane", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 64, 0, ""),  // 3.58MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 64, 0, "")  // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 1.0f, 0, ""),  // 3.58MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 1.0f, 0, "")  // ""
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Konami Chequered Flag", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, ""), // 3.58MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 64, 0, "stereo=true"),  // ""
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 64, 0, "")  // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, ""), // 3.58MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 1.0f, 0, "stereo=true"),  // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 1.0f, 0, "")  // ""
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Konami Haunted Castle", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, ""), // 3.58MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SCC, 64, 0, ""),  // ""
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 64, 0, "")  // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, ""), // 3.58MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SCC, 1.0f, 0, ""),  // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 1.0f, 0, "")  // ""
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Konami Haunted Castle (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, 0, ""), // 3.58MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SCC, 64, 0, ""), // ""
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 64, 0, "")  // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, ""), // 3.58MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SCC, 1.0f, 0, ""), // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 1.0f, 0, "")  // ""
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Konami Hot Chase", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 64, 0, "stereo=true"),  // 3.58MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 64, 0, "stereo=true"),  // ""
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 64, 0, "stereo=true")  // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 1.0f, 0, "stereo=true"),  // 3.58MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 1.0f, 0, "stereo=true"),  // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 1.0f, 0, "stereo=true")  // ""
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Konami S.P.Y.", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, ""), // 3.58MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 64, 0, ""),  // ""
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 64, 0, "")  // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, ""), // 3.58MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 1.0f, 0, ""),  // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 1.0f, 0, "")  // ""
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Konami S.P.Y. (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, 0, ""), // 3.58MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 64, 0, ""), // ""
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 64, 0, "")  // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, ""), // 3.58MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 1.0f, 0, ""), // ""
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 1.0f, 0, "")  // ""
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Konami Hexion", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SCC, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 1.5MHz (3MHz input)
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SCC, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 1.5MHz (3MHz input)
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega Kyugo", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=14"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=14")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=14"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=14")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega System 1", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=2\n"
         "chipType=4\n"
       ), // SN76489A 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=5\n"
         "chipType=4\n"
       ) // SN76489A 2MHz
@@ -1261,46 +1261,46 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega System E", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega System E (with FM expansion)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega System E (with FM expansion in drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL_DRUMS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega Hang-On", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SEGAPCM, 64, 0, "") // discrete logics, 62.5KHz output rate
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SEGAPCM, 1.0f, 0, "") // discrete logics, 62.5KHz output rate
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega Hang-On (extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SEGAPCM, 64, 0, "") // discrete logics, 62.5KHz output rate
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SEGAPCM, 1.0f, 0, "") // discrete logics, 62.5KHz output rate
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega OutRun/X Board", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SEGAPCM, 64, 0, "") // ASIC, 31.25KHz output rate
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SEGAPCM, 1.0f, 0, "") // ASIC, 31.25KHz output rate
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega System 24", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0,
         "rate=61500\n"
         "outDepth=7\n"
       ) // software controlled, variable rate via configurable timers
@@ -1308,68 +1308,68 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega System 18", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // discrete 8MHz YM3438
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // ^^
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 64, 0, "clockSel=1") // 10MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // discrete 8MHz YM3438
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // ^^
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1") // 10MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega System 18 (extended channel 3 on first OPN2C)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // discrete 8MHz YM3438
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // ^^
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 64, 0, "clockSel=1") // 10MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // discrete 8MHz YM3438
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // ^^
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1") // 10MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega System 18 (extended channel 3 on second OPN2C)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // discrete 8MHz YM3438
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // ^^
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 64, 0, "clockSel=1") // 10MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // discrete 8MHz YM3438
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // ^^
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1") // 10MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega System 18 (extended channel 3 on both OPN2Cs)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // discrete 8MHz YM3438
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // ^^
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 64, 0, "clockSel=1") // 10MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // discrete 8MHz YM3438
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // ^^
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1") // 10MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega System 32", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // discrete 8.05MHz YM3438
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // ^^
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 64, 0, "clockSel=2") // 12.5MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // discrete 8.05MHz YM3438
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // ^^
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2") // 12.5MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega System 32 (extended channel 3 on first OPN2C)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // discrete 8.05MHz YM3438
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // ^^
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 64, 0, "clockSel=2") // 12.5MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // discrete 8.05MHz YM3438
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // ^^
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2") // 12.5MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega System 32 (extended channel 3 on second OPN2C)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // discrete 8.05MHz YM3438
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // ^^
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 64, 0, "clockSel=2") // 12.5MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // discrete 8.05MHz YM3438
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // ^^
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2") // 12.5MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega System 32 (extended channel 3 on both OPN2Cs)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // discrete 8.05MHz YM3438
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // ^^
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 64, 0, "clockSel=2") // 12.5MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // discrete 8.05MHz YM3438
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // ^^
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2") // 12.5MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Capcom Exed Eyes", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=4"), // 1.5MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4"), // 1.5MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=4\n"
         "chipType=1\n"
       ), // SN76489 3MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=4\n"
         "chipType=1\n"
       ) // SN76489 3MHz
@@ -1377,66 +1377,66 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Capcom Arcade", { // 1943, Side arms, etc
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 4 or 1.5MHz; various per games
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=5")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 4 or 1.5MHz; various per games
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Capcom Arcade (extended channel 3 on first OPN)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=5"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=5")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Capcom Arcade (extended channel 3 on second OPN)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=5"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=5")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Capcom Arcade (extended channel 3 on both OPNs)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=5"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=5")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Capcom CPS-1", { 
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, ""), // 3.58MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, ""), // 3.58MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Capcom CPS-2 (QSound)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_QSOUND, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_QSOUND, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Jaleco Ginga NinkyouDen", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "chipType=1"), // 1.79MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 64, 0, "") // 3.58MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=1"), // 1.79MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 1.0f, 0, "") // 3.58MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Jaleco Ginga NinkyouDen (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "chipType=1"), // 1.79MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 64, 0, "") // 3.58MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=1"), // 1.79MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "") // 3.58MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Jaleco Mega System 1", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, "clockSel=1"), // 3.5MHz (7MHz / 2)
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "clockSel=2") // 4MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1"), // 3.5MHz (7MHz / 2)
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2") // 4MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NMK 16-bit Arcade", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz; optional
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz; optional
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=2\n"
         "rateSel=true\n"
       ), // 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=2\n"
         "rateSel=true\n"
       ) // ^^
@@ -1444,12 +1444,12 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NMK 16-bit Arcade (extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz; optional
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz; optional
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=2\n"
         "rateSel=true\n"
       ), // 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=2\n"
         "rateSel=true\n"
       ) // ^^
@@ -1457,22 +1457,22 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Kaneko DJ Boy", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, -127, "clockSel=12"), // 1.5MHz, Left output
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 127, "clockSel=12"), // 1.5MHz, Right output
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, -1.0f, "clockSel=12"), // 1.5MHz, Left output
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 1.0f, "clockSel=12"), // 1.5MHz, Right output
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Kaneko DJ Boy (extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, -127, "clockSel=12"), // 1.5MHz, Left output
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 127, "clockSel=12") // 1.5MHz, Right output
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, -1.0f, "clockSel=12"), // 1.5MHz, Left output
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 1.0f, "clockSel=12") // 1.5MHz, Right output
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Kaneko Air Buster", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=13\n"
         "rateSel=true\n"
       ) // 3MHz
@@ -1480,8 +1480,8 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Kaneko Air Buster (extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=13\n"
         "rateSel=true\n"
       ) // 3MHz
@@ -1489,349 +1489,349 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Kaneko Toybox System", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=3\n"
         "chipType=1\n"
       ), // YM2149 2MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=3\n"
         "chipType=1\n"
       ), // ^^
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "clockSel=8") // 2MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=8") // 2MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Kaneko Jackie Chan", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YMZ280B, 64, 0, "clockSel=3") // 16MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YMZ280B, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3") // 16MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Super Kaneko Nova System", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YMZ280B, 64, 0, "clockSel=4") // 16.67MHz (33.33MHz / 2)
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YMZ280B, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=4") // 16.67MHz (33.33MHz / 2)
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Tecmo Ninja Gaiden", { // Ninja Gaiden, Raiga, etc
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "") // 1MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "") // 1MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Tecmo Ninja Gaiden (extended channel 3 on first OPN)", { // Ninja Gaiden, Raiga, etc
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "") // 1MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "") // 1MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Tecmo Ninja Gaiden (extended channel 3 on second OPN)", { // Ninja Gaiden, Raiga, etc
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "") // 1MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "") // 1MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Tecmo Ninja Gaiden (extended channel 3 on both OPNs)", { // Ninja Gaiden, Raiga, etc
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "") // 1MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "") // 1MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Tecmo System", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL3, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YMZ280B, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "clockSel=8") // 2MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL3, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YMZ280B, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=8") // 2MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Tecmo System (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL3_DRUMS, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YMZ280B, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "clockSel=8") // 2MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL3_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YMZ280B, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=8") // 2MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Seibu Kaihatsu Raiden", { // Raiden, Seibu cup soccer, Zero team, etc
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, ""), // YM3812 3.58MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "") // 1 or 1.023MHz (28.636363MHz / 28); various per games
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, ""), // YM3812 3.58MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "") // 1 or 1.023MHz (28.636363MHz / 28); various per games
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Seibu Kaihatsu Raiden (drums mode)", { // Raiden, Seibu cup soccer, Zero team, etc
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, 0, ""), // YM3812 3.58MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "") // 1 or 1.023MHz (28.636363MHz / 28); various per games
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, ""), // YM3812 3.58MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "") // 1 or 1.023MHz (28.636363MHz / 28); various per games
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sunsoft Shanghai 3", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=4\n"
         "chipType=1\n"
       ), // YM2149 1.5MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "clockSel=1") // 1.056MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1") // 1.056MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sunsoft Arcade", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // discrete YM3438 8MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "clockSel=1") // 1.056MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // discrete YM3438 8MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1") // 1.056MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sunsoft Arcade (extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // discrete YM3438 8MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "clockSel=1") // 1.056MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // discrete YM3438 8MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1") // 1.056MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Atari Klax", { 
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "clockSel=7") // 0.895MHz (3.579545MHz / 4)
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=7") // 0.895MHz (3.579545MHz / 4)
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Atari Rampart", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL, 64, 0, ""), // 3.579545MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "clockSel=14") // 1.193MHz (3.579545MHz / 3)
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL, 1.0f, 0, ""), // 3.579545MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=14") // 1.193MHz (3.579545MHz / 3)
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Atari Rampart (drums mode)", { 
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL_DRUMS, 64, 0, ""), // 3.579545MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "clockSel=14") // 1.193MHz (3.579545MHz / 3)
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, ""), // 3.579545MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=14") // 1.193MHz (3.579545MHz / 3)
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Atari JSA IIIs", { 
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, ""), // 3.579545MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, -127, "clockSel=14"), // 1.193MHz (3.579545MHz / 3), Left output
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 127, "clockSel=14") // 1.193MHz (3.579545MHz / 3), Right output
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, ""), // 3.579545MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, -1.0f, "clockSel=14"), // 1.193MHz (3.579545MHz / 3), Left output
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 1.0f, "clockSel=14") // 1.193MHz (3.579545MHz / 3), Right output
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Atari Marble Madness", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Atari Championship Sprint", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Atari Tetris", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Atari I, Robot", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 64, 0, "customClock=1512000"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 64, 0, "customClock=1512000"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 64, 0, "customClock=1512000"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 64, 0, "customClock=1512000")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 1.0f, 0, "customClock=1512000"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 1.0f, 0, "customClock=1512000"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 1.0f, 0, "customClock=1512000"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 1.0f, 0, "customClock=1512000")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Data East Karnov", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 64, 0, "clockSel=3") // 3MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3") // 3MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Data East Karnov (extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 64, 0, "clockSel=3") // 3MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3") // 3MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Data East Karnov (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=3") // 3MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3") // 3MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Data East Karnov (extended channel 3; drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=3") // 3MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3") // 3MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Data East Arcade", { // Bad dudes, Robocop, etc
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "") // 1 to 1.056MHz; various per games or optional
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "") // 1 to 1.056MHz; various per games or optional
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Data East Arcade (extended channel 3)", { // Bad dudes, Robocop, etc
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "") // 1 to 1.056MHz; various per games or optional
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "") // 1 to 1.056MHz; various per games or optional
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Data East Arcade (drums mode)", { // Bad dudes, Robocop, etc
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "") // 1 to 1.056MHz; various per games or optional
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "") // 1 to 1.056MHz; various per games or optional
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Data East Arcade (extended channel 3; drums mode)", { // Bad dudes, Robocop, etc
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "") // 1 to 1.056MHz; various per games or optional
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "") // 1 to 1.056MHz; various per games or optional
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Data East PCX", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCE, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCE, 1.0f, 0, "")
       // software controlled MSM5205
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Data East PCX (extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCE, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5"), // 1.5MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCE, 1.0f, 0, "")
       // software controlled MSM5205
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Data East Dark Seal", { // Dark Seal, Crude Buster, Vapor Trail, etc
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, ""), // 3.580MHz (32.22MHz / 9)
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4.0275MHz (32.22MHz / 8); optional
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, ""), // 1.007MHz (32.22MHz / 32)
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "clockSel=8") // 2.014MHz (32.22MHz / 16); optional
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, ""), // 3.580MHz (32.22MHz / 9)
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4.0275MHz (32.22MHz / 8); optional
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, ""), // 1.007MHz (32.22MHz / 32)
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=8") // 2.014MHz (32.22MHz / 16); optional
       // HuC6280 is for control them, internal sound isn't used
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Data East Dark Seal (extended channel 3)", { // Dark Seal, Crude Buster, Vapor Trail, etc
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, ""), // 3.580MHz (32.22MHz / 9)
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4.0275MHz (32.22MHz / 8); optional
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, ""), // 1.007MHz (32.22MHz / 32)
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "clockSel=8") // 2.014MHz (32.22MHz / 16); optional
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, ""), // 3.580MHz (32.22MHz / 9)
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"), // 4.0275MHz (32.22MHz / 8); optional
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, ""), // 1.007MHz (32.22MHz / 32)
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=8") // 2.014MHz (32.22MHz / 16); optional
       // HuC6280 is for control them, internal sound isn't used
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Data East Deco 156", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "clockSel=0"), // 1 or 1.007MHz (32.22MHz / 32); various per games
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "clockSel=8") // 1 or 2 or 2.014MHz (32.22MHz / 16); various per games
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=0"), // 1 or 1.007MHz (32.22MHz / 32); various per games
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=8") // 1 or 2 or 2.014MHz (32.22MHz / 16); various per games
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Data East MLC", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YMZ280B, 64, 0, "clockSel=5") // 14MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YMZ280B, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5") // 14MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "SNK Ikari Warriors", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 64, 0, "clockSel=2")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "SNK Ikari Warriors (drums mode on first OPL)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 64, 0, "clockSel=2")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "SNK Ikari Warriors (drums mode on second OPL)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=2")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "SNK Ikari Warriors (drums mode on both OPLs)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=2")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "SNK Triple Z80", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 64, 0, "clockSel=2")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "SNK Triple Z80 (drums mode on Y8950)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 64, 0, "clockSel=2")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "SNK Triple Z80 (drums mode on OPL)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=2")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "SNK Triple Z80 (drums mode on Y8950 and OPL)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=2")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "SNK Chopper I", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, "clockSel=2")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "SNK Chopper I (drums mode on Y8950)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, "clockSel=2")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "SNK Chopper I (drums mode on OPL2)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=2")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "SNK Chopper I (drums mode on Y8950 and OPL2)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=2")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "SNK Touchdown Fever", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 64, 0, "clockSel=2")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "SNK Touchdown Fever (drums mode on OPL)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 64, 0, "clockSel=2")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "SNK Touchdown Fever (drums mode on Y8950)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=2")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "SNK Touchdown Fever (drums mode on OPL and Y8950)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=2"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=2")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Alpha denshi Alpha-68K", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL, 64, 0, "clockSel=0"), // 3.58MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=0"), // 3.58MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0,
         "rate=7614\n"
         "outDepth=7\n"
       ) // software controlled 8 bit DAC
@@ -1839,9 +1839,9 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Alpha denshi Alpha-68K (extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL, 64, 0, "clockSel=0"), // 3.58MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=0"), // 3.58MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0,
         "rate=7614\n"
         "outDepth=7\n"
       ) // software controlled 8 bit DAC
@@ -1849,9 +1849,9 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Alpha denshi Alpha-68K (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=0"), // 3.58MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=0"), // 3.58MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0,
         "rate=7614\n"
         "outDepth=7\n"
       ) // software controlled 8 bit DAC
@@ -1859,9 +1859,9 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Alpha denshi Alpha-68K (extended channel 3; drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=0"), // 3.58MHz
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3"), // 3MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=0"), // 3.58MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0,
         "rate=7614\n"
         "outDepth=7\n"
       ) // software controlled 8 bit DAC
@@ -1869,13 +1869,13 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Alpha denshi Equites", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM5232, 64, 0, "customClock=6144000"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=14"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0, 
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM5232, 1.0f, 0, "customClock=6144000"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=14"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0, 
          "rate=11025\n" 
          "outDepth=5\n"
       ),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0, 
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0, 
          "rate=11025\n" 
          "outDepth=5\n"
       ) // don't know what the actual sample rate is
@@ -1883,47 +1883,47 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Neo Geo MVS", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610_FULL, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610_FULL, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Neo Geo MVS (extended channel 2)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610_FULL_EXT, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610_FULL_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Nichibutsu Mag Max", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=13"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=13"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=13")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=13"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=13"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=13")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Namco (3-channel WSG)", { // Pac-Man, Galaga, Xevious, etc
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NAMCO, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NAMCO, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Namco Mappy", { // Mappy, Super Pac-Man, Libble Rabble, etc
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NAMCO_15XX, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NAMCO_15XX, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Namco Pac-Land", { // Pac-Land, Baraduke, Sky kid, etc
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NAMCO_CUS30, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NAMCO_CUS30, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Namco System 86", { // without expansion board case; Hopping Mappy, etc
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NAMCO_CUS30, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NAMCO_CUS30, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Namco Thunder Ceptor", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NAMCO_CUS30, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0, 
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NAMCO_CUS30, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0, 
         "rate=8000\n"
         "outDepth=7\n"
       ) // M65C02 software driven, correct sample rate?
@@ -1931,13 +1931,13 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Namco System 1", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NAMCO_CUS30, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NAMCO_CUS30, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0,
         "rate=6000\n"
         "outDepth=7\n"
       ), // sample rate verified from https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/devices/sound/n63701x.cpp
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0,
         "rate=6000\n"
         "outDepth=7\n"
       ) // ""
@@ -1945,29 +1945,29 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Taito Arcade", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610B, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610B, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Taito Arcade (extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610B_EXT, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610B_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Taito Metal Soldier Isaac II", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM5232, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=3"),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "clockSel=3")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM5232, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3"),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Taito The Fairyland Story", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM5232, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, 
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM5232, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, 
          "clockSel=3\n"
          "chipType=1\n"
       ),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0, 
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0, 
          "rate=11025\n" 
          "outDepth=7\n"
       ) // don't know what the actual sample rate is
@@ -1975,16 +1975,16 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Taito Wyvern F-0", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM5232, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, 
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM5232, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, 
          "clockSel=3\n"
          "chipType=1\n"
       ),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, 
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, 
          "clockSel=3\n"
          "chipType=1\n"
       ),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0, 
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0, 
          "rate=11025\n" 
          "outDepth=7\n"
       ) // don't know what the actual sample rate is
@@ -1992,97 +1992,97 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Seta 1", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_X1_010, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_X1_010, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Seta 1 + FM addon", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_X1_010, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 64, 0, "clockSel=2") // Discrete YM3438
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_X1_010, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2") // Discrete YM3438
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Seta 1 + FM addon (extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_X1_010, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=2") // Discrete YM3438
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_X1_010, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=2") // Discrete YM3438
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Seta 2", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_X1_010, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_X1_010, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Cave 68000", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YMZ280B, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YMZ280B, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Coreland Cyber Tank", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 64, -127, ""), // 3.58MHz, Left output
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 64, 127, "") // 3.58MHz, Right output
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 1.0f, -1.0f, ""), // 3.58MHz, Left output
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 1.0f, 1.0f, "") // 3.58MHz, Right output
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Coreland Cyber Tank (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 64, -127, ""), // 3.58MHz, Left output
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 64, 127, "") // 3.58MHz, Right output
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 1.0f, -1.0f, ""), // 3.58MHz, Left output
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 1.0f, 1.0f, "") // 3.58MHz, Right output
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "ICE Skimaxx", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, -127,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, -1.0f,
         "clockSel=2\n"
         "rateSel=true\n"
       ), // 4MHz, Left output
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 127,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 1.0f,
         "clockSel=2\n"
         "rateSel=true\n"
       ), // 4MHz, Right output
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, -127, "clockSel=8"), // 2MHz, Left output
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 127, "clockSel=8") // 2MHz, Right output
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, -1.0f, "clockSel=8"), // 2MHz, Left output
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 1.0f, "clockSel=8") // 2MHz, Right output
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Toaplan 1", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, "clockSel=5") // 3.5MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5") // 3.5MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Toaplan 1 (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, 0, "clockSel=5") // 3.5MHz
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=5") // 3.5MHz
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Dynax/Nakanihon 3rd generation hardware", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, ""), // AY or YM, optional - 1.79MHz or 3.58MHz; various per game
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "clockSel=6") // 1.023MHz mostly
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, ""), // AY or YM, optional - 1.79MHz or 3.58MHz; various per game
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=6") // 1.023MHz mostly
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Dynax/Nakanihon 3rd generation hardware (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, ""), // AY or YM, optional - 1.79MHz or 3.58MHz; various per game
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL_DRUMS, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "clockSel=6") // 1.023MHz mostly
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, ""), // AY or YM, optional - 1.79MHz or 3.58MHz; various per game
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=6") // 1.023MHz mostly
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Dynax/Nakanihon Real Break", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YMZ280B, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YMZ280B, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Dynax/Nakanihon Real Break (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL_DRUMS, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YMZ280B, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YMZ280B, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Irem M72", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0,
         "rate=7812\n"
         "outDepth=7\n"
       )
@@ -2090,8 +2090,8 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Irem M92/M107", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_GA20, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_GA20, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   CATEGORY_END;
@@ -2100,158 +2100,158 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   CATEGORY_BEGIN("FM","chips which use frequency modulation (FM) to generate sound.\nsome of these also pack more (like square and sample channels).");
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM2151 (OPM)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM2203 (OPN)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 64, 0, "clockSel=3")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM2203 (extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 64, 0, "clockSel=3")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2203_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=3")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM2608 (OPNA)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM2608 (extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2608_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM2610 (OPNB)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610_FULL, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610_FULL, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM2610 (extended channel 2)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610_FULL_EXT, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610_FULL_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM2610B (OPNB2)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610B, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610B, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM2610B (extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610B_EXT, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610B_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM2612 (OPN2)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 64, 0, "ladderEffect=true")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 1.0f, 0, "ladderEffect=true")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM2612 (extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 64, 0, "ladderEffect=true")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "ladderEffect=true")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM2612 (OPN2) CSM", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_CSM, 64, 0, "ladderEffect=true")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_CSM, 1.0f, 0, "ladderEffect=true")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM2612 (OPN2) with DualPCM", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_DUALPCM, 64, 0, "ladderEffect=true")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_DUALPCM, 1.0f, 0, "ladderEffect=true")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM2612 (extended channel 3) with DualPCM", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_DUALPCM_EXT, 64, 0, "ladderEffect=true")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_DUALPCM_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "ladderEffect=true")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM2413 (OPLL)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM2413 (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL_DRUMS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM2414 (OPZ)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPZ, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPZ, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM3438 (OPN2C)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM3438 (extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM3438 (OPN2C) CSM", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_CSM, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_CSM, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM3438 (OPN2C) with DualPCM", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_DUALPCM, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_DUALPCM, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM3438 (extended channel 3) with DualPCM", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_DUALPCM_EXT, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_DUALPCM_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM3526 (OPL)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM3526 (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha Y8950", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha Y8950 (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_Y8950_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM3812 (OPL2)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM3812 (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL2_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YMF262 (OPL3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL3, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL3, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YMF262 (drums mode)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL3_DRUMS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPL3_DRUMS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   if (settings.hiddenSystems) {
     ENTRY(
       "Yamaha YMU759 (MA-2)", {
-        CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YMU759, 64, 0, "")
+        CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YMU759, 1.0f, 0, "")
       }
     );
   }
@@ -2260,43 +2260,43 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   CATEGORY_BEGIN("Square","these chips generate square/pulse tones only (but may include noise).");
   ENTRY(
     "TI SN76489", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, "chipType=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "TI SN76489A", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, "chipType=4")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=4")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "TI SN76496", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, "chipType=5")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=5")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NCR 8496", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, "chipType=6")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=6")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Tandy PSSJ 3-voice sound", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, "chipType=7")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=7")
       // 8 bit DAC
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega PSG (SN76489-like)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, ""),
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega PSG (SN76489-like, Stereo)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, "chipType=3")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=3")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "TI SN94624", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=6\n"
         "chipType=8\n"
       )
@@ -2304,7 +2304,7 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "TI SN76494", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0,
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0,
         "clockSel=6\n"
         "chipType=9\n"
       )
@@ -2312,52 +2312,52 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Toshiba T6W28", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_T6W28, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_T6W28, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "AY-3-8910", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "AY-3-8914", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "chipType=3")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=3")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YM2149(F)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 64, 0, "chipType=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8910, 1.0f, 0, "chipType=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Philips SAA1099", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SAA1099, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SAA1099, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "PC Speaker", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 32, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCSPKR, 0.5f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Pokémon Mini", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEMINI, 32, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEMINI, 0.5f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Commodore VIC", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_VIC20, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_VIC20, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "OKI MSM5232", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM5232, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM5232, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Pong", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PONG, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PONG, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   CATEGORY_END;
@@ -2365,63 +2365,63 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   CATEGORY_BEGIN("Sample","chips/systems which use PCM or ADPCM samples for sound synthesis.");
   ENTRY(
     "Amiga", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AMIGA, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AMIGA, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     },
     "tickRate=50"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "SegaPCM", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SEGAPCM, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SEGAPCM, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Capcom QSound", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_QSOUND, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_QSOUND, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Seta/Allumer X1-010", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_X1_010, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_X1_010, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Yamaha YMZ280B (PCMD8)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YMZ280B, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YMZ280B, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Ricoh RF5C68", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_RF5C68, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   ); 
   ENTRY(
     "OKI MSM6258", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6258, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6258, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "OKI MSM6295", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_MSM6295, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "SNES", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SNES, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SNES, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Konami K007232", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_K007232, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Irem GA20", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_GA20, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_GA20, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Generic PCM DAC", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCM_DAC, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   CATEGORY_END;
@@ -2429,70 +2429,70 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   CATEGORY_BEGIN("Wavetable","chips which use user-specified waveforms to generate sound.");
   ENTRY(
     "PC Engine", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCE, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCE, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Commodore PET (pseudo-wavetable)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PET, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PET, 1.0f, 0, "")
     },
     "tickRate=50"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Konami Bubble System WSG", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_BUBSYS_WSG, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_BUBSYS_WSG, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Konami SCC", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SCC, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SCC, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Konami SCC+", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SCC_PLUS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SCC_PLUS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Namco WSG", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NAMCO, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NAMCO, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Namco C15 (8-channel mono)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NAMCO_15XX, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NAMCO_15XX, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Namco C30 (8-channel stereo)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NAMCO_CUS30, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NAMCO_CUS30, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Namco 163", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_N163, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_N163, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Famicom Disk System (chip)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_FDS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_FDS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "WonderSwan", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SWAN, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SWAN, 1.0f, 0, "")
     },
     "tickRate=75.47169811320754716981"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Virtual Boy", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_VBOY, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_VBOY, 1.0f, 0, "")
     },
     "tickRate=50.2734877734878"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Seta/Allumer X1-010", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_X1_010, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_X1_010, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   CATEGORY_END;
@@ -2500,67 +2500,67 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   CATEGORY_BEGIN("Specialized","chips/systems with unique sound synthesis methods.");
   ENTRY(
     "MOS Technology SID (6581)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_6581, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_6581, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     },
     "tickRate=50.1245421"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "MOS Technology SID (8580)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_8580, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_8580, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     },
     "tickRate=50.1245421"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Microchip AY8930", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8930, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_AY8930, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Game Boy", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_GB, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_GB, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Atari Lynx", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_LYNX, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_LYNX, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "POKEY", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_POKEY, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     },
     "tickRate=50"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Atari TIA", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_TIA, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_TIA, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NES (Ricoh 2A03)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Commander X16 (VERA only)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_VERA, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_VERA, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "ZX Spectrum (beeper only)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SFX_BEEPER, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SFX_BEEPER, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   if (settings.hiddenSystems) {
     ENTRY(
       "Dummy System", {
-        CH(DIV_SYSTEM_DUMMY, 64, 0, "")
+        CH(DIV_SYSTEM_DUMMY, 1.0f, 0, "")
       }
     );
   }
   ENTRY(
     "tildearrow Sound Unit", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SOUND_UNIT, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SOUND_UNIT, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   CATEGORY_END;
@@ -2568,80 +2568,80 @@ void FurnaceGUI::initSystemPresets() {
   CATEGORY_BEGIN("DefleMask-compatible","these configurations are compatible with DefleMask.\nselect this if you need to save as .dmf or work with that program.");
   ENTRY(
     "Sega Genesis", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 32, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 0.5f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega Genesis (extended channel 3)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 32, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612_EXT, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 0.5f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega Master System", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Sega Master System (with FM expansion)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_OPLL, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Game Boy", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_GB, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_GB, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NEC PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCE, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_PCE, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "NES", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Famicom with Konami VRC7", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_VRC7, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_VRC7, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Famicom Disk System", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_FDS, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_NES, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_FDS, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Commodore 64 (6581 SID)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_6581, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_6581, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     },
     "tickRate=50.1245421"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Commodore 64 (8580 SID)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_8580, 64, 0, "clockSel=1")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_C64_8580, 1.0f, 0, "clockSel=1")
     },
     "tickRate=50.1245421"
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Arcade (YM2151 and SegaPCM)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 64, 0, ""),
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SEGAPCM_COMPAT, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2151, 1.0f, 0, ""),
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_SEGAPCM_COMPAT, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Neo Geo CD", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   ENTRY(
     "Neo Geo CD (extended channel 2)", {
-      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610_EXT, 64, 0, "")
+      CH(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2610_EXT, 1.0f, 0, "")
     }
   );
   CATEGORY_END;
@@ -2654,7 +2654,7 @@ FurnaceGUISysDef::FurnaceGUISysDef(const char* n, std::initializer_list<FurnaceG
   int index=0;
   for (FurnaceGUISysDefChip& i: orig) {
     definition+=fmt::sprintf(
-      "id%d=%d\nvol%d=%d\npan%d=%d\nflags%d=%s\n",
+      "id%d=%d\nvol%d=%f\npan%d=%f\nflags%d=%s\n",
       index,
       DivEngine::systemToFileFur(i.sys),
       index,
diff --git a/src/gui/settings.cpp b/src/gui/settings.cpp
index 2b12c4303..289874baa 100644
--- a/src/gui/settings.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/settings.cpp
@@ -309,8 +309,9 @@ void FurnaceGUI::drawSettings() {
             settings.initialSys.clear();
             for (int i=0; i<e->song.systemLen; i++) {
               settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("id%d",i),e->systemToFileFur(e->song.system[i]));
-              settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",i),(int)e->song.systemVol[i]);
-              settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("pan%d",i),(int)e->song.systemPan[i]);
+              settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",i),(float)e->song.systemVol[i]);
+              settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("pan%d",i),(float)e->song.systemPan[i]);
+              settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("fr%d",i),(float)e->song.systemPanFR[i]);
               settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("flags%d",i),e->song.systemFlags[i].toBase64());
             }
             settings.initialSysName=e->song.systemName;
@@ -324,14 +325,16 @@ void FurnaceGUI::drawSettings() {
             if (totalAvailSys>0) {
               for (int i=0; i<howMany; i++) {
                 settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("id%d",i),e->systemToFileFur((DivSystem)availableSystems[rand()%totalAvailSys]));
-                settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",i),64);
-                settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("pan%d",i),0);
+                settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",i),1.0f);
+                settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("pan%d",i),0.0f);
+                settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("fr%d",i),0.0f);
                 settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("flags%d",i),"");
               }
             } else {
               settings.initialSys.set("id0",e->systemToFileFur(DIV_SYSTEM_DUMMY));
-              settings.initialSys.set("vol0",64);
-              settings.initialSys.set("pan0",0);
+              settings.initialSys.set("vol0",1.0f);
+              settings.initialSys.set("pan0",0.0f);
+              settings.initialSys.set("fr0",0.0f);
               settings.initialSys.set("flags0","");
               howMany=1;
             }
@@ -366,12 +369,14 @@ void FurnaceGUI::drawSettings() {
           if (ImGui::Button("Reset to defaults")) {
             settings.initialSys.clear();
             settings.initialSys.set("id0",e->systemToFileFur(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612));
-            settings.initialSys.set("vol0",64);
-            settings.initialSys.set("pan0",0);
+            settings.initialSys.set("vol0",1.0f);
+            settings.initialSys.set("pan0",0.0f);
+            settings.initialSys.set("fr0",0.0f);
             settings.initialSys.set("flags0","");
             settings.initialSys.set("id1",e->systemToFileFur(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS));
-            settings.initialSys.set("vol1",32);
-            settings.initialSys.set("pan1",0);
+            settings.initialSys.set("vol1",0.5f);
+            settings.initialSys.set("pan1",0.0f);
+            settings.initialSys.set("fr1",0.0f);
             settings.initialSys.set("flags1","");
             settings.initialSysName="Sega Genesis/Mega Drive";
           }
@@ -385,14 +390,15 @@ void FurnaceGUI::drawSettings() {
           int doRemove=-1;
           for (size_t i=0; settings.initialSys.getInt(fmt::sprintf("id%d",i),0); i++) {
             DivSystem sysID=e->systemFromFileFur(settings.initialSys.getInt(fmt::sprintf("id%d",i),0));
-            signed char sysVol=settings.initialSys.getInt(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",i),0);
-            signed char sysPan=settings.initialSys.getInt(fmt::sprintf("pan%d",i),0);
+            float sysVol=settings.initialSys.getFloat(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",i),0);
+            float sysPan=settings.initialSys.getFloat(fmt::sprintf("pan%d",i),0);
+            float sysPanFR=settings.initialSys.getFloat(fmt::sprintf("fr%d",i),0);
 
             sysCount=i+1;
 
             //bool doRemove=false;
-            bool doInvert=sysVol&128;
-            signed char vol=sysVol&127;
+            bool doInvert=(sysVol<0);
+            float vol=fabs(sysVol);
             ImGui::PushID(i);
 
             ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x-ImGui::CalcTextSize("Invert").x-ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing()*2.0-ImGui::GetStyle().ItemSpacing.x);
@@ -409,8 +415,8 @@ void FurnaceGUI::drawSettings() {
 
             ImGui::SameLine();
             if (ImGui::Checkbox("Invert",&doInvert)) {
-              sysVol^=128;
-              settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",i),(int)sysVol);
+              sysVol=-sysVol;
+              settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",i),sysVol);
             }
             ImGui::SameLine();
             //ImGui::BeginDisabled(settings.initialSys.size()<=4);
@@ -418,14 +424,27 @@ void FurnaceGUI::drawSettings() {
               doRemove=i;
             }
             //ImGui::EndDisabled();
-            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x-(50.0f*dpiScale));
-            if (CWSliderScalar("Volume",ImGuiDataType_S8,&vol,&_ZERO,&_ONE_HUNDRED_TWENTY_SEVEN)) {
-              sysVol=(sysVol&128)|vol;
-              settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",i),(int)sysVol);
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x);
+            if (CWSliderFloat("Volume",&vol,0.0f,3.0f)) {
+              if (doInvert) {
+                if (vol<0.0001) vol=0.0001;
+              }
+              if (vol<0) vol=0;
+              if (vol>10) vol=10;
+              sysVol=doInvert?-vol:vol;
+              settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",i),(float)sysVol);
             } rightClickable
-            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x-(50.0f*dpiScale));
-            if (CWSliderScalar("Panning",ImGuiDataType_S8,&sysPan,&_MINUS_ONE_HUNDRED_TWENTY_SEVEN,&_ONE_HUNDRED_TWENTY_SEVEN)) {
-              settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("pan%d",i),(int)sysPan);
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x);
+            if (CWSliderFloat("Panning",&sysPan,-1.0f,1.0f)) {
+              if (sysPan<-1.0f) sysPan=-1.0f;
+              if (sysPan>1.0f) sysPan=1.0f;
+              settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("pan%d",i),(float)sysPan);
+            } rightClickable
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x);
+            if (CWSliderFloat("Front/Rear",&sysPanFR,-1.0f,1.0f)) {
+              if (sysPanFR<-1.0f) sysPanFR=-1.0f;
+              if (sysPanFR>1.0f) sysPanFR=1.0f;
+              settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("fr%d",i),(float)sysPanFR);
             } rightClickable
 
             // oh please MSVC don't cry
@@ -445,25 +464,29 @@ void FurnaceGUI::drawSettings() {
           if (doRemove>=0 && sysCount>1) {
             for (int i=doRemove; i<sysCount-1; i++) {
               int sysID=settings.initialSys.getInt(fmt::sprintf("id%d",i+1),0);
-              int sysVol=settings.initialSys.getInt(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",i+1),0);
-              int sysPan=settings.initialSys.getInt(fmt::sprintf("pan%d",i+1),0);
+              float sysVol=settings.initialSys.getFloat(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",i+1),0);
+              float sysPan=settings.initialSys.getFloat(fmt::sprintf("pan%d",i+1),0);
+              float sysPanFR=settings.initialSys.getFloat(fmt::sprintf("fr%d",i+1),0);
               String sysFlags=settings.initialSys.getString(fmt::sprintf("flags%d",i+1),"");
               settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("id%d",i),sysID);
               settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",i),sysVol);
               settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("pan%d",i),sysPan);
+              settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("fr%d",i),sysPanFR);
               settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("flags%d",i),sysFlags);
             }
 
             settings.initialSys.remove(fmt::sprintf("id%d",sysCount-1));
             settings.initialSys.remove(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",sysCount-1));
             settings.initialSys.remove(fmt::sprintf("pan%d",sysCount-1));
+            settings.initialSys.remove(fmt::sprintf("fr%d",sysCount-1));
             settings.initialSys.remove(fmt::sprintf("flags%d",sysCount-1));
           }
 
           if (sysCount<32) if (ImGui::Button(ICON_FA_PLUS "##InitSysAdd")) {
             settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("id%d",sysCount),(int)e->systemToFileFur(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612));
-            settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",sysCount),64);
-            settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("pan%d",sysCount),0);
+            settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",sysCount),1.0f);
+            settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("pan%d",sysCount),0.0f);
+            settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("fr%d",sysCount),0.0f);
             settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("flags%d",sysCount),"");
           }
 
@@ -2633,21 +2656,36 @@ void FurnaceGUI::syncSettings() {
   if (settings.exportFadeOut<0.0) settings.exportFadeOut=0.0;
 
   String initialSys2=e->getConfString("initialSys2","");
+  bool oldVol=e->getConfInt("configVersion",DIV_ENGINE_VERSION)<135;
   if (initialSys2.empty()) {
     initialSys2=e->decodeSysDesc(e->getConfString("initialSys",""));
+    oldVol=false;
   }
   settings.initialSys.clear();
   settings.initialSys.loadFromBase64(initialSys2.c_str());
   if (settings.initialSys.getInt("id0",0)==0) {
     settings.initialSys.clear();
     settings.initialSys.set("id0",e->systemToFileFur(DIV_SYSTEM_YM2612));
-    settings.initialSys.set("vol0",64);
-    settings.initialSys.set("pan0",0);
+    settings.initialSys.set("vol0",1.0f);
+    settings.initialSys.set("pan0",0.0f);
+    settings.initialSys.set("fr0",0.0f);
     settings.initialSys.set("flags0","");
     settings.initialSys.set("id1",e->systemToFileFur(DIV_SYSTEM_SMS));
-    settings.initialSys.set("vol1",64);
+    settings.initialSys.set("vol1",0.5f);
     settings.initialSys.set("pan1",0);
+    settings.initialSys.set("fr1",0);
     settings.initialSys.set("flags1","");
+  } else {
+    if (oldVol) {
+      for (int i=0; settings.initialSys.getInt(fmt::sprintf("id%d",i),0); i++) {
+        float newVol=settings.initialSys.getInt(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",i),64);
+        float newPan=settings.initialSys.getInt(fmt::sprintf("pan%d",i),0);
+        newVol/=64.0f;
+        newPan/=127.0f;
+        settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("vol%d",i),newVol);
+        settings.initialSys.set(fmt::sprintf("pan%d",i),newPan);
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   // keybinds